Exploring Self-Discrepancies Through Customizable 3D Avatars using MySelf Desktop Tool
Authors:Brizzi G., Sansoni M., Chittaro L., Malighetti C., Mancuso V., Villani D., Riva G.
Published in:Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine, vol. 23, 2025, pp. 146-151.
Abstract:Body image is shaped by internal self-perceptions and external influences
which can reinforce unrealistic beauty ideals and amplify self-discrepancies. This
study employed MySelf, a desktop tool based on self-discrepancy theory, to calculate
three indices: Body Image Social Attribution (BI-SA), Body Image Social
Desirability (BI-SD), and Body Image Discrepancy (BI-D). We investigated
whether these indices predicted body image-related outcomes and if social media
engagement shaped such self-perceptions. Multivariate multiple regressions showed
that only BI-SA and BI-SD, indices reflecting perceived social evaluations, were
significantly associated with body esteem and body appreciation, while BI-D was
not. Additionally, social media variables were also linked to BI-SA and BI-SD.
Specifically, engaging in social media activities involving friends’ content was a
positive predictor of interpersonal discrepancies (BI-SA and BI-SD), while
Instagram appearance comparisons were negatively associated with them. These
results may suggest that externalized and interpersonal self-discrepancies rooted in
how individuals believe they are seen by othes, are more salient predictors of body
image concerns than internal ideals. These findings support theories such as the
Tripartite Influence Model, Objectification Theory, and the Looking-Glass Self Theory, highlighting the increasing social nature of bodily self-evaluation.
Interventions aiming to improve body image should move beyond personal selfesteem enhancement to address social comparison dynamics and external validation
processes. The MySelf tool offers a valuable means for assessing these
multidimensional constructs and has potential applications in both clinical and
preventive settings.
